According to a recent study conducted by the University College Cork in Ireland and published in The Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, some obese people remain metabolically healthy due to reduced levels of inflammation. Although obesity is linked to heart disease and diabetes, as much as 35% of people who are obese do not develop unfavorable cholesterol profiles and high blood pressure. These are two of the main factors that increase the risk of metabolic diseases.
The phenomenon, known as metabolically healthy obesity, is described by the study’s lead author, Catherine Phillips, BSc, PhD, of University College Cork in Ireland. “In our study, metabolically healthy people—both obese and non-obese—had lower levels of a range of inflammatory markers,” said Phillips. “Regardless of their body mass index, people with favorable inflammatory profiles also tended to have healthy metabolic profiles.”
Conducted between 2010 and 2011, the cross-sectional study analyzed data from 2,040 participants between the ages of 50 and 69 in the Cork and Kerry Diabetes and Heart Disease Study (Phase II). The participants completed lifestyle questionnaires, clinical and physical assessments. They also underwent blood testing to determine inflammatory markers, metabolic profiles and their body mass index. Several inflammatory marker levels were examined.
Metabolically healthy people had reduced white blood cell counts and acute-phase response proteins that proliferate when inflammation occurs. They also had high levels of adiponectin, which is a hormone that has an anti-inflammatory effect, when compared to metabolically unhealthy people. Both lean and obese metabolically healthy people had this inflammatory profile. “From a public health standpoint, we need better methods for identifying which obese people face the greatest risk of diabetes and heart disease,” said Phillips. “Inflammatory markers offer a potential strategy for pinpointing people who could benefit most from medical interventions.”
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